The authors review their pediatric EESS technique in patients with intra-operative high flow cerebrospinal fluid leak, with a focus on details that differ from adult transsphenoidal surgery technique.
Remote Programming a Viable Option for the Adult and Pediatric CI Populations
What are the effects and outcomes of remote cochlear implant (CI) programming in terms of burden and costs, feasibility and satisfaction, and comparability to traditional in-person CI management, for patients and families within the adult and pediatric CI populations?

Management of Pediatric Tracheocutaneous Fistulae
Tracheocutaneous fistulae (TCF) involve a remnant skin tract that connects the external cervical skin with the anterior trachea following decannulation of a tracheostomy tube (TT). Due to the young age at insertion, length of TT dependence, and propensity for removal with aging, persistent pediatric TCF (PPTCF) are more frequent than in adults. Methods of management are varied, and ideal approaches to management are debated.

BREATHE-ing New Life into the Care of Pediatric Tracheostomy Patients
The BREATHE (Boosting REsources And caregiver empowerment for Tracheostomy care at HomE) study is a five-year, six-hospital trial that will advance understanding of how hospitals can better support caregivers of children with tracheostomies as they resume life, work, and family activities after discharge.
Topical Beta-Blocker Effective First-Line Treatment for Infantile Hemangioma
The topical beta-blocker timolol can be an effective first-line treatment for controlling symptoms of ulcerated IHs; however, its use should be carefully monitored.
Leukotriene Modulator a Safe Pharmacological Option for Children with Adenoid Hypertrophy
Leukotriene Modulator a Safe Pharmacological Option for Children with Adenoid Hypertrophy
How To: Endoscopic Anterior Laryngotracheal Reconstruction
This article introduces a new endoscopic technique for anterior LTR using costal rib cartilage grafting in a two-year-old patient with acquired grade III subglottic stenosis.
Embolization Decreases Blood Loss Resulting from Surgical Excisions of Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma
What are the comparative outcomes of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) resection between embolized and non-embolized cohorts, and between transarterial embolization (TAE) and direct puncture embolization (DPE)?

When Should We Recommend Intracapsular Tonsillectomy in Pediatric Patients?
Intracapsular tonsillectomy is a safe and effective method for performing tonsillectomy and should be included in future clinical practice guidelines for tonsillectomy.

How to: Pre-Epiglottic Baton Plate in Newborns with PRS: Revisiting the Practical Workflow
Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) has an estimated prevalence of one in 10,000 births and is characterized by micrognathia and glossoptosis leading to upper airway compromise. As airway obstruction can be life-threatening, immediate recognition and treatment are vital.
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