Endoscopic Sandwich Technique for Moderate Nasal Septal Perforations

What would be a good surgical technique for the treatment of nasal septal perforations with diameters of 1 to 2 cm?

Background: Surgical therapy is required for nasal septal perforation, which is a complete defect of cartilage or bone and mucosa in the bilateral nasal septum. Although many approaches and techniques have been reported, the success rate fluctuates between 75 percent and 96 percent, with a reperforation rate of 12 to 48 percent. It is especially a challenge when the perforation is greater than 1 cm, because there is no standard choice of approach and technique.

Study design: Retrospective clinical research.

Setting: Department of Otolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital, and Otolaryngology Institute at Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.