Study authors describe the development and pilot testing of the first AI software “copilot” to help train novices to competently perform FFL on a manikin and improve their uptake of FFL skills.



The butterfly graft (BFG) is a surgical technique used to treat nasal airway obstruction by reconstructing the internal nasal valve, but it can lead to external nasal contour irregularities. This study evaluates a secondary contouring procedure designed to address these irregularities while preserving nasal function and improving patient satisfaction.

In endoscopic endonasal surgery for anterior skull base lesions, maximizing the anterior sphenoidotomy in the superior part is crucial for ensuring direct visualization and creating a wide working corridor. Authors describe a technique they devised that maximizes upper anterior sphenoidotomy while preserving the olfactory mucosa.