Historically, nasal fractures have been reduced within seven days as pediatric patients are thought to undergo rapid osseous healing. Delayed nasal fracture reduction, however, allows soft tissue edema to abate, potentially aiding intraoperative result assessment.
The current literature, including meta-analyses and systematic reviews incorporating data from 54 separate studies, suggests that prophylactic antibiotics be used conservatively in the setting of mandibular trauma.
Genetic testing should be considered when the most common nongenetic causes (congenital cytomegalovirus, negative imaging for structural inner ear, or cochlear nerve abnormality) are ruled out as subtle phenotypic manifestations of syndromic hearing loss.
Laryngeal conservation surgery includes open and endoscopic approaches that address select malignant laryngeal lesions to achieve local control while preserving function.
Although the number of randomized control trials is lacking, the current literature suggests mucosal flap preservation may improve outcomes following endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy.
Resectable stage IVA/IVB tumors should be treated with surgery followed by chemoradiation, with consideration for dabrafenib/trametinib biotherapy for BRAFV600E-mutated tumors.
The primary advantage of laryngeal reinnervation is prevention of denervation atrophy, which limits the long-term voice outcomes of static procedures. Recovery or maintenance of muscle tone is expected to lead to more symmetric vibratory masses, symmetric mucosal wave propagation, and improved voice quality.
Platelet-rich plasma has a therapeutic role in hair restoration, with most trials examined having a low risk of bias.
Nuclear medical imaging is strongly recommended in the diagnosis of paragangliomas that are familial, SDHB variants, malignant, or potentially multifocal, but those that have classic presentations do not routinely require peptide receptor imaging.
Middle cranial fossa and transmastoid approaches to superior semicircular canal dehiscence repair are effective approaches that result in acceptable rates of favorable hearing outcomes for patients.