Traditional approaches to laryngotracheal reconstruction have relied on open transcervical approaches. With the growth of endoscopic techniques, there have been multiple advances in minimally invasive procedures to augment airway stenosis in pediatric patients.
Up to 12% of all COVID-19 patients may need intensive care unit admission for severe interstitial pneumonia, with possible long-term endotracheal intubation for mechanical ventilation, but prolonged endotracheal intubation can lead to mucosal injury and inflammation, granulation tissue formation, perichondritis, and subsequent stenotic scar tissue development.