What is the role of balloon catheter sinuplasty (BCS) in the surgical management of pediatric sinus disease? Background: Adenoidectomy and functional endoscopic sinus surgery have traditionally comprised the surgical management of chronic recurrent sinusitis (CRS) recalcitrant to medical therapy in the pediatric population. First introduced in 2006, BCS does not involve tissue removal and is, theoretically, […]
The Case for Second Look Procedures
Are there any intraoperative findings that could determine whether a second look procedure should be performed in pediatric cholesteatoma surgery? Background: There is no clear consensus regarding the surgical management of pediatric cholesteatoma. Canal wall up surgery is a popular approach, but the indications and timing of a second look procedure remain vague. Study design: Retrospective chart […]
Acute Mastoiditis Admissions Up, Despite Vaccination
Have the characteristics of acute mastoiditis in children changed in the post-heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) era? Background: With the advent of antibiotics, the incidence of acute mastoiditis, a complication of acute otitis media (AOM), has decreased. In recent years, however, there have been reports of an increase in the frequency of acute mastoiditis, which remains […]
Socioeconomic Disparity Seen in Families of Hearing-Impaired Children
What are the disparities in socioeconomic status and health care utilization in hearing-impaired children? Background: Multiple barriers potentially contribute to health disparities experienced by children with hearing loss. These can include communication barriers, fear, mistrust and frustration with the health care system, medical and non-medical costs and the logistics of care. Although health disparities have been […]
Hearing Conservation Program Helps Elementary School Children
What is the efficacy of a hearing conservation program in changing acoustic risk taking and hearing conservation behaviors in elementary school children? Background: Approximately 30 million North Americans have speech-frequency hearing loss, and its prevalence among young adults is growing. In early years, hearing loss can affect a child’s ability to differentiate between consonant sounds, adversely […]
Babbling Is Necessary for Speech and Language Development
What is the importance of pre-linguistic vocalization? Background: The characterization and significance of pre-linguistic vocalization has long been the subject of research and debate. Pre-linguistic vocalization can generally be classified into non-speech-like vocalizations, including vegetative sounds, and speech-like vocalizations known as protophones. Most protophones begin with vowel-like vocalizations and culminate in well-formed, reduplicated consonant-vowel combinations referred […]
Survival Rates Comparable in Children and Adults with Oral Tongue Squamous Cell Cancer
Does young age adversely affect prognosis for oral squamous cell carcinoma? Background: Squamous cell carcinoma in young patients (<40 years of age) is believed to have an etiology that is distinct from squamous cell cancer in older patients because these patients have had less exposure to risk factors such as tobacco and alcohol use. Younger patients […]
Videolaryngostroboscopy Valuable in Pediatric Patients
What is the diagnostic value of laryngeal videostroboscopy in pediatric patients with dysphonia? Background: Laryngeal videostroboscopy has been proven to be a valuable tool in the evaluation of adult voice disorders. It allows for detailed assessment of glottal closure, mucosal pliability and subtle vocal fold lesions. Pediatric dysphonia is found in six percent to nine percent […]
Cincinnati Criteria Identifies More Cases of Enlarged Vestibular Aqueduct
Are otolaryngologists underdiagnosing EVA? Background: Enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA) is the most commonly identified CT scan anomaly found in children with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Current radiographic criteria for EVA (defined by Valvassori and Clemis in 1978, using hypocycloidal polytomography), is a vestibular aqueduct larger than 1.5 mm at the midpoint. A new criteria, the […]
Propranolol Effective, Well-Tolerated for Symptomatic IH
Will propranolol become the mainstay of treatment for symptomatic infantile hemangiomas (IH)? Background: IH are the most common tumor of infancy, affecting four to 10 percent of infants. Spontaneous involution is the expected outcome, but nearly 10 percent cause symptoms warranting early therapy. Propranolol was serendipitously found to hasten IH involution, with fewer side effects […]
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