The authors successfully removed a giant cell tumor in the infratemporal fossa using an infratemporal fossa approach after selectively embolizing the MMA during transfemoral carotid angiography. The embolized MMA served as a surgical landmark, helping to confirm the tumor’s posterior boundary and minimizing bleeding during surgery.
This study aimed to describe operative techniques using rigid bronchoscopy and ferromagnetic bronchoscopic equipment to retrieve magnetic foreign bodies in distal tertiary bronchi beyond the reach of traditional optical instrumentation.
The anterior table defect poses a reconstructive challenge, and very few publications have described reconstructive options.
The nasoseptal flap (NSF) has become the predominant pedicled mucosal flap used in advanced multilayered endoscopic reconstruction to repair skull base defects with cerebral spinal fluid leaks.