Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is among the most prevalent chronic medical conditions globally. A survey of Canadian households reported the prevalence of CRS to be 5%. CRS is a clinical syndrome defined by persistent symptomatic inflammation of the mucosa in the nasal cavities and sinuses. A common subtype of CRS is CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), which is identified through endoscopy or imaging
Fresh frozen homologous costal cartilage in rhinoplasty represents an alternative approach that has been described mostly through single-surgeon case series in the existing literature.
Hypoglossal nerve stimulation (HGNS) therapy has become a more frequently employed tool in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea since its approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2014. One of the benefits of HGNS therapy is the low morbidity associated with the procedure.
Tracheocutaneous fistulae (TCF) involve a remnant skin tract that connects the external cervical skin with the anterior trachea following decannulation of a tracheostomy tube (TT). Due to the young age at insertion, length of TT dependence, and propensity for removal with aging, persistent pediatric TCF (PPTCF) are more frequent than in adults. Methods of management are varied, and ideal approaches to management are debated.
Evidence suggests that post-operative nasal stents are beneficial if used for three to six months by a hypothesized mechanism of hindering the contraction and regression of the surgically repositioned lower lateral cartilages.
Epistaxis is a common emergency department (ED) presentation. Many cases are self-limited, but other cases may require an intervention to stop bleeding. Methods to manage epistaxis include nasal compression, topical vasoconstrictors, cautery, nasal packing, and even surgical ligation in severe cases.
Over the past few decades, a transition toward culture-directed antibiotics has shifted the treatment paradigm of SBO toward primary medical management, with mortality rates now decreasing to 10-20% compared to 50% initially.
HNS was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2014 as a treatment option for patients with moderate to severe OSA who cannot tolerate CPAP.
Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) comprises less than 5% of thyroid cancers but is responsible for more than 10% of deaths related to thyroid cancer.
Antithrombotic management is a key component of surgical optimization, as it necessitates balancing the risk of a peri-operative thrombotic event with the risk of bleeding.