Electrocochleography (ECoG) has historically been used for measuring hearing thresholds and identifying endolymphatic hydrops in Ménière’s disease. More recently, ECoG application has expanded to monitor electrical potentials during cochlear implantation as an indirect measure of cochlear trauma.
Laryngeal reinnervation should be offered to all patients independent of patient age or duration of denervation, as it can improve voice and swallowing. Long-term denervation, however, may result in a smaller degree of improvement.
Staging severity of laryngopharyngeal reflux with more objective testing is crucial to understanding its natural history, forecasting response to treatment, and it may serve as a gateway to considering surgical treatments.
The use of tranexamic acid to reduce intraoperative bleeding may have applications in septorhinoplasty.
Randomized controlled trials with standardized hyperbaric oxygen therapy treatment protocols and attention to social determinants of health and other confounders are desperately needed to establish efficacy.
Adjuvant therapy may have a limited role in select patients with advanced JNAs to achieve acceptable outcomes while minimizing serious morbidity and mortality.
There is significant debate in the literature on diagnosis and the ideal approach to treatment when sequelae are present with congenetial laryngal cleft.
A potential solution for lack of cadaveric temoral bone has been the use of virtual or 3D-printed temporal bones to simulate the drilling exercise and provide specimens to teach anatomy and procedures.
The combination of lexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor has been shown to have positive effects on multiple organ systems.
Surgical procedural training originated from the Halstedian apprenticeship model, which relies on sheer volume for graded responsibility to achieve “see one, do one, teach one.”