Tracheocutaneous fistulae (TCF) involve a remnant skin tract that connects the external cervical skin with the anterior trachea following decannulation of a tracheostomy tube (TT). Due to the young age at insertion, length of TT dependence, and propensity for removal with aging, persistent pediatric TCF (PPTCF) are more frequent than in adults. Methods of management are varied, and ideal approaches to management are debated.
Evidence suggests that post-operative nasal stents are beneficial if used for three to six months by a hypothesized mechanism of hindering the contraction and regression of the surgically repositioned lower lateral cartilages.
Epistaxis is a common emergency department (ED) presentation. Many cases are self-limited, but other cases may require an intervention to stop bleeding. Methods to manage epistaxis include nasal compression, topical vasoconstrictors, cautery, nasal packing, and even surgical ligation in severe cases.
Over the past few decades, a transition toward culture-directed antibiotics has shifted the treatment paradigm of SBO toward primary medical management, with mortality rates now decreasing to 10-20% compared to 50% initially.
HNS was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2014 as a treatment option for patients with moderate to severe OSA who cannot tolerate CPAP.
Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) comprises less than 5% of thyroid cancers but is responsible for more than 10% of deaths related to thyroid cancer.
Antithrombotic management is a key component of surgical optimization, as it necessitates balancing the risk of a peri-operative thrombotic event with the risk of bleeding.
Although en bloc resection remains the standard of care for primary treatment of oral cavity squamous cell carcinomas (OCSCC), methods of intra-operative assessment of margins vary.
Intracapsular tonsillectomy is a safe and effective method for performing tonsillectomy and should be included in future clinical practice guidelines for tonsillectomy.
Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulator therapy is an effective and safe surgical option for patients with moderate to severe OSA who cannot tolerate PAP therapy.