The suggests attempting preoperative steroid injections prior to proceeding with surgical excision
![](https://www.enttoday.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/ENT_0916_pg6a-150x150.png)
The suggests attempting preoperative steroid injections prior to proceeding with surgical excision
Leech therapy is a temporary modality to decrease skin flap venous congestion until further revascularization occurs for venous outflow
The most commonly used adjunctive measures are drain placement, application of tissue sealant, and use of compression dressings
Immediate repair should be undertaken for orbital blowout fractures where bony fragments impinge upon the optic nerve
Common measures for minimizing risk include drain placement, application of tissue sealant and use of compression dressings
Research recommends a cervical approach for revision cases, large pseudocysts to confirm diagnosis and allow placement of drain through neck
Studies confirm the prognostic value of ENoG testing performed between 3 and 14 days after onset of complete facial paralysis
Autologous fat injections, and injectible fillers such as collagen and poly-L-lactic acid, can yield long-term results, but no definitive recommendation can be made
Cartilage grafting has comparable postoperative hearing results to traditional fascia grafting in pediatric patients, as well as improvement in long-term closure of the tympanic membrane
Delay in repairing mandible fractures post-injury can be associated with technical challenges and complications, but a delay of up to five days has not been shown to compromise outcomes in terms of bony union and occlusion.